Toggle switch with Infra Red IR

Toggle switch in this article is a series of toggle switches that are controlled by infrared light. The series toggle switch is made from a combination of data flip-flop CD4013 2 units. Receiver circuit of the infrared light signals arranged with infrared receiver as found on television remote receiver. Infrared signal from remote is used as clock signals and data to the data flip-flop first. then the second flip-flop data set as a toggle flip-flop toggle the output signal is used to drive the relay. for more details can be seen in thethe following image .

Series Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) that is required to supply voltage range of 12VDC and the output of Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) is dapt used to turn on the lights or other electronic devices with DC or AC voltage source. Series Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) was isolated from the load that is placed for use as the final relay.

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1000W ICs audio amplifier with PA03

This is a series of amplifiers are based on the most high-ic power that I have ever known. Because the output is issued up to 1000 watts with the impedance RL 4Ohm. Current supply 120mA, and 30A output current. Minimum input voltage of about 30V and a maximum voltage up to 150V. This is an audio amplifier that I have come across use ICs that maximum voltage up to 150V and output power up to 1000W , the scheme below gan.

Part List

Resistor

R1 = 10K

R2 = 10K

R3 = 220K

R4 = 0.18R 5W

R5 = 2.2R 2W

R6 = 0.18R 5W

Capacitor

C1 = 1uF

C2 = 1000uF

C3 = 68pF

C4 = 1000uF

Inductor

L1 = 4MH

IC

U1 = PA03

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100W Audio Amplifier with TDA7294

TDA7294 is an integrated, monolithic, Class AB audio amplifier designed precisely for Hi-Fi applications. The IC has a DMOS output stage and can deliver 100W RMS into an 8Ohm speaker at +/-38V dual supply.

In the circuit TDA7294 is configured to provide 100W output power into an 8Ohm loudspeaker at +/- 38V supply. C8 is the input coupling capacitor and the input is applied to the non-inverting input (Pin3) of the IC. C3 and C9 are power supply filter capacitors although C10 and C4 are bypass capacitors. C2 is the bootstrap capacitor.

RC network comprising of R1 and C1 improves the high frequency stability of the amplifier and as well prevents oscillations. R2 and C6 sets the mute time constant while R3 and C5 sets the standby time constant. S1 the mute switch and S2 are the standby switch. R5 is the input resistance and the amplifiers input impedance has a direct relationship to its value. R4 and R6 is employed for setting type closed loop gain and With the used value, gain is 30dB. C2 is a DC decoupling.

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150W LM12 based audio amplifier circuit with explanation

LM12 operational amplifier can output currents up to 10A. The LM12 in encapsulated in TO-3 with 4 pins, can support up to 800W and has enough internal protections to prevent slacks from over-currents or over-heating.
You can use LM12CL with 30 V maximum voltage or LM12C with 40V maximum.
The L1 coil has 40 turns 1mm copper, coiled over R4. If you use LM12CL it is recomended to have toroidal transformer 2 x 22V. The output must be between 7 and 12A. Filtering capacitors must have at least 20.000 uF.
LM12 must be mounted with screws on a big heatsink (=<1.5 C/W) and electric isolated form the heatsink

LM12 amplifier circuit diagram

LM12 amplifier PCB layout

More audio amplifier circuits…

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LA3161 based Preamplifier circuit with explanation

Preamplifiers are used to amplify low level signals such as those from mikes, tape heads before they are fed into power amplifiers. Power amplifiers are generally less sensitive. Frequency response also can be suitably trimmed and modified at preamp stage. LA 3161 is one of those widely used in tape decks and amplifiers as a stereo preamplifier.

Block Diagram is shown in Figure. LA 3161 has two low noise preamplifiers with good ripple rejection on chip catering to stereo applications. External part count is low and Single In line (SIL))(Figure 43) package makes mounting easy. Wltile the operating voltage is 9V, the IC can tolerate voltages up to 18V. Typical input resistance is WOK and output resistance is 10K with an open loop gain of78dB. Block diagram of the IC is given below. Input is given at Pin 1 and 8, output is taken at Pin 3 and 6, and negative Feedback is given at Pin 2 and 7. Power is at Pin 5 and Pin 4 is the ground terminal. There is an internal voltage regulator.

Ready made PCBs, even populated PCBs are available using this very useful IC. You can still build one, with a Veroboard provided proper care is taken about the ground returns. It simply means that one should not connect ground terminals of output and input at the same place. This will create serious oscillations and normal hobbyist will be left in the woods. Please read general instructions for working with amplifiers in the end.

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Light Sensitive Staircase Switch with Triac

When there is no sufficient light/the reset pin is held low by R14 (4.7K resistor) and the circuit works as it is described in the earlier paragraph. But if there is sufficient light, resistance of LDR goes low and the transistor goes into conduction. Now the reset pin goes high and the circuit cannot work. R16 is the sensitivity adjustment. You may use a different color of LEDs at the emitter of Ql and Q4. You may construct the circuit on a single board and can use it for two different applications with a single IC of CD4013. You can use same application in two different latches or make both the same.

In general ICs do not like bad housekeeping, more so when handling mains voltages. Soldering is straightforward. A piece of Vero board is OK. But if you are mounting triacs on the same board, or separately, it is very important to have enough space between tracks such that high voltage arcs do not jump across. It is good idea to remove alternate tracks and mount triacs. BT136 triacs can easily drive 500 W of power. Suitable heat sink must be firmly fixed for each triac individually. Please respect CD4013, a CMOS IC.

Only two switches are shown as examples. You may add more number of switches for use at a number of different locations.

Please be careful that the entire circuit works off 230 V AC mains. If you wish to have isolation from the mains, use relays instead of triacs and use transformer power supply of 12V full wave. Light sense circuit consisting of Q5 and Q6 can be cleverly added to the relay circuit No.l

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LM317T based Voltage Regulator with Pass Transistor circuit

Here is the circuit diagram for LM 317 T voltage regulator with pass transistor .

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Automatic Night Lamp with Morning Alarm

This circuit automatically turns on a night lamp when bedroom light is switched off. The lamp remains ‘on’ until the light sensor senses daylight in the morning. A super-bright white LED is used as the night lamp. It gives bright and cool light in the room. When the sensor detects the daylight in the morning, a melodious morning alarm sounds. The circuit is powered from a standard 0-9V transformer. Diodes D1 through D4 rectify the AC voltage and the resulting DC voltage is smoothed by C1. Regulator IC 7806 gives regulated 6V DC to the circuit.

A battery backup is provided to power the circuit when mains fails. When mains supply is available, the 9V rechargeable battery charges via diode D5 and resistor R1 with a reasonably constant current. In the event of mains failure, the battery automatically takes up the load without any delay. Diode D5 prevents the battery from discharging backwards following the mains failure and diode D6 provides current path from the battery.

Automatic Night Lamp with Morning Alarm Circuit Diagram:

The circuit utilises light-dependant resistors (LDRs) for sensing darkness and light in the room. The resistance of LDR is very high in darkness, which reduces to minimum when LDR is fully illuminated. LDR1 detects darkness, while LDR2 detects light in the morning. The circuit is designed around the popular timer IC NE555 (IC2), which is configured as a monostable. IC2 is activated by a low pulse applied to its trigger pin 2. Once triggered, output pin 3 of IC2 goes high and remains in that position until IC2 is triggered again at its pin 2. When LDR1 is illuminated with ambient light in the room, its resistance remains low, which keeps trigger pin 2 of IC2 at a positive potential. As a result, output pin 3 of IC2 goes low and the white LED remains off. As the illumination of LDR1’s sensitive window reduces, the resistance of the device increases.

In total darkness, the specified LDR has a resistance in excess of 280 kilo-ohms. When the resistance of LDR1 increases, a short pulse is applied to trigger pin 2 of IC2 via resistor R2 (150 kilo-ohms). This activates the monostable and its output goes high, causing the white LED to glow. Low-value capacitor C2 maintains the monostable for continuous operation, eliminating the timer effect. By increasing the value of C2, the ‘on’ time of the white LED can be adjusted to a predetermined time. LDR2 and associated components generate the morning alarm at dawn. LDR2 detects the ambient light in the room at sunrise and its resistance gradually falls and transistor T1 starts conducting. When T1 conducts, melody-generator IC UM66 (IC3) gets supply voltage from the emitter of T1 and it starts producing the melody. The musical tone generated by IC3 is standard 0-9V transformer. Diodes D1 through D4 rectify the AC voltage and the resulting DC voltage is smoothed by C1. Regulator IC 7806 gives regulated 6V DC to the circuit.

A battery backup is provided to power the circuit when mains fails. When mains supply is available, the 9V rechargeable battery charges via diode D5 and resistor R1 with a reasonably constant current. In the event of mains failure, the battery automatically takes up the load without any delay. Diode D5 prevents the battery from discharging backwards following the mains failure and diode D6 provides current path from the battery.

The circuit utilises light-dependant resistors (LDRs) for sensing darkness and light in the room. The resistance of LDR is very high in darkness, which reduces to minimum when LDR is fully illuminated. LDR1 detects darkness, while LDR2 detects light in the morning. The circuit is designed around the popular timer IC NE555 (IC2), which is configured as a monostable. IC2 is activated by a low pulse applied to its trigger pin 2. Once triggered, output pin 3 of IC2 goeshigh and remains in that position until IC2 is triggered again at its pin 2. When LDR1 is illuminated with ambient light in the room, its resistance remains low, which keeps trigger pin 2 of IC2 at a positive potential. As a result, output pin 3 of IC2 goes low and the white LED remains off. As the illumination of LDR1’s sensitive window reduces, the resistance of the device increases.

In total darkness, the specified LDR has a resistance in excess of 280 kilo-ohms. When the resistance of LDR1 increases, a short pulse is applied to trigger pin 2 of IC2 via resistor R2 (150 kilo-ohms). This activates the monostable and its output goes high, causing the white LED to glow. Low-value capacitor C2 maintains the monostable for continuous operation, eliminating the timer effect. By increasing the value of C2, the ‘on’ time of the white LED can be adjusted to a predetermined time. LDR2 and associated components generate the morning alarm at dawn. LDR2 detects the ambient light in the room at sunrise and its resistance gradually falls and transistor T1 starts conducting. When T1 conducts, melody-generator IC UM66 (IC3) gets supply voltage from the emitter of T1 and it starts producing the melody. The musical tone generated by IC3 is amplified by single-transistor amplifier T2. Resistor R7 limits the current to IC3 is amplified by single-transistor amplifier T2. Resistor R7 limits the current to IC3 and zener diode ZD limits the voltage to a safer level of 3.3 volts.

The circuit can be easily assembled on a general-purpose PCB. Enclose it in a good-quality plastic case with provisions for LDR and LED. Use a reflective holder for white LED to get a spotlight effect for reading. Place LDRs away from the white LED, preferably on the backside of the case, to avoid unnecessary illumination. The speaker should be small so as to make the gadget compact.

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LED FLASHER WITH ONE TRANSISTOR

LED FLASHER WITH ONE TRANSISTOR

This is a novel flasher circuit using a single driver transistor that takes its flash-rate from a flashing LED. The flasher in the photo is 3mm. An ordinary LED will not work.

The flash rate cannot be altered by the brightness of the high-bright white LED can be adjusted by altering the 1k resistor across the 100u electrolytic to 4k7 or 10k.

The 1k resistor discharges the 100u so that when the transistor turns on, the charging current into the 100u illuminates the white LED.

If a 10k discharge resistor is used, the 100u is not fully discharged and the LED does not flash as bright.

All the parts in the photo are in the same places as in the circuit diagram to make it easy to see how the parts are connected.

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Alarm Sound with Control Switch

The heart of this circuit is IC No. 555. When the alert sound was working, even though the switch will continue to be the same, the sound still does not stop immediately.But it will stops automatically, when a set time period,Depending on the resistance of R3, the circuit so I set a time period equal to 1M for 1 minute 6 seconds.

Alarm Sound with Control Switch

The output of IC 555 is triggered by a positive voltage on pin 2,when all switches are connected together.When the something switch is cut off pin 2, it will be negative voltage and the trigger IC 555 will stop. The C1, C4 to protects a noise signal from either switch, which may cause the alarm to be up. This circuit can be used with power supply from 5V to 15V depending on relay sure enough.

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IC Amplifier with HA13118 Diagram

IC amplifier 18 watt circuit is an IC digit HA13118 Hitachi powerfully. with the intention of the IC yearn for take place integrated amplifiers, categorize AB. And this cycle is to assistance a association circuit. to the same degree a answer, growth toll up to 55 dB. And pressure from 8-18 volt the current 1-2 amps, with not as much of than 0.2% distortion by 1W. And response. frequencies from 30 Hz-30 kHz.

IC Amplifier with HA13118 Circuit Diagram

As entering the power supply circuit, and paid into the audio input. The audio is through VR1 adjusts the level of the audio sign. And pass the C1 coupling signal. The C2 eliminate the interference. From the audio signal to come to pass sent through to the input pin on pin 3 of IC1. so as to this circuit to circuit modish the form of conduit circuits otherwise expansion of the not here navigation. And restore channels laid back, to follow a elevated watt power. The observations from the pin 15 which is the output of absent channel speakers are connected to individual fringe. And the other side of the speakers are connected to the output of pin 8, which is the output of the right. The C7 and C8 acting reaction hint to the circuit’s frequency response is better. The C9, C10, R1 and R2 willpower wait on unconcerned the campaign. And C11, C12 serve to filter the light as it should be to prevent several din shock.

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High HiFi Power Amplifier with MOSFET

Circuit amplifier "High Power HiFi Power Amplifier With MOSFET" is capable of giving the output power to the load speakers 240Watt and 380Watt 8Ohm to load 4Ohm speakers.

Voltage source to a series of power amplifiers "High Power HiFi Power Amplifier With MOSFET" This is a CT 25V 50V 25V to 50V CT of transformer CT. In making this power amplifier needs to be installed heatsinks on the power amplifier (MOSFET) in order to avoid excessive heat. The series of power supply to power amplifer can use the transformer 5A-20A and 35A mounted diode bridge and capacitors for a minimum of 2x 10.000uF electrolit. Details for the power amplifier circuit can be seen in the following figure.

High Power Series HiFi Power Amplifier With MOSFET can modify to increase power output by doubling the final power amplifier is based on the diiginkan. Power generated from doubling the final power amplifier will also double its power output of power amplifier circuit "High Power HiFi Power Amplifier With MOSFET" it.

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